Although fear is an innate response, objects of fear can be learned.

虽然恐惧是一种天生反应，但恐惧的对象可以通过学习。

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A display of pride (or shame), in other words, may be an evolved and innate behavioral response.

换句话说，自豪(羞愧)的表现或许是进化与天生的行为反应。

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Whereas adaptive immunity is thought to be a response to specific bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, innate immunity has always been seen as the body's general response to all threats of disease.

适应性免疫被认为是对具体的细菌，病毒，真菌和寄生虫的反应，而先天免疫一向被认为是身体对所有致病威胁的一般反应。

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One kind of response is called the innate response and innate means that it's present from the beginning.

其中之一称为先天性免疫反应,先天的意思是生来就有的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, that's the innate response.

所以 这就是先天免疫反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Whereas adaptive immunity is thought to be a response to specific bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, innate immunity has always been seen as the body's general response to all threats of disease.

ECONOMIST: Genetics and infectious disease: The germ of an idea | The